The State Medical Board of Ohio was established in 1896 and is the state agency responsible for licensing and regulating roughly 103,000 medical professionals.

The Medical Board's regulatory responsibilities include investigating complaints against applicants and licensees and taking disciplinary action against those who violate the public health and safety standards set by the General Assembly and the Medical Board.

The Medical Board is comprised of twelve members: nine physicians (seven MDs, one DO, one DPM) and three non-physician public members. Board members are appointed by the governor and serve five-year terms.